Live performance from Megadeth. 1. Holy Wars...The Punishment Due 2. Skin O' My Teeth 3. Wake Up Dead 4. Hangar 18 5. Foreclosure of a Dream 6. Countdown to Extinction 7. Lucretia 8. Sweating Bullets 9. In My Darkest Hour 10. Tornado of Souls 11. Ashes in Your Mouth 12. Symphony of Destruction 13. Peace Sells 14. Anarchy in the U.K
Megadeth playing at an unkown city with the " classic line-up ", before and after concert footage as well as Good mourning black friday to HOLY WARS!
Megadeth Biography
Megadeth is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1983. Founded by guitarist/vocalist Dave Mustaine and bassist David Ellefson following Mustaine's departure from Metallica, the band has since released twelve studio albums, six live albums, two EPs, twenty six singles, thirty-two music videos, and three compilations.
As a pioneer of the American thrash metal movement, Megadeth rose to international fame in the 1980s and was ranked as one of the "Big Four of Thrash", along with Metallica, Slayer, and Anthrax, who were responsible for creating, developing and popularizing the thrash metal sub-genre. Megadeth has experienced numerous line-up changes, due partly to the band's notorious substance abuse problems. From 1983 to 2002, Mustaine and Ellefson were the only continuous members of the band. After finding sobriety and securing a stable line-up, Megadeth went on to release a string of platinum and gold albums, including the platinum-selling landmark Rust in Peace in 1990 and the Grammy nominated, multi-platinum Countdown to Extinction in 1992. Megadeth disbanded in 2002 after Mustaine suffered a severe nerve injury to his left arm. However, following extensive physical therapy, Mustaine reformed the band in 2004 and released The System Has Failed, followed by United Abominations in 2007; the albums debuted on the Billboard Top 200 chart at #18 and #8, respectively. Megadeth, along with their new lead guitarist Chris Broderick, released their twelfth studio album, titled Endgame, on September 15, 2009, which debuted at #9 on the Billboard 200.
In the band's 25 active years, Megadeth has had 20 official members, with Dave Mustaine remaining as the driving force and main songwriter.
Megadeth is known for its distinctive instrumental style, often featuring dense, intricate passages and trade off guitar solos. Mustaine is also known for his "snarling" vocal style, as well as his recurring lyrical themes including politics, war, addiction, personal relationships, and the occult.
Megadeth has sold close to 25 million albums worldwide, with five consecutive albums being certified platinum in the USA. The band has also been nominated for seven consecutive nominations for Best Metal Performance.
Dave Mustaine is notorious for making inflammatory statements in the press, usually regarding feuds and problems with former bandmates and other bands, including Slayer and Metallica. Perhaps most well known is his long standing feud with Metallica members James Hetfield and Lars Ulrich, stemming from his ejection from the band, and the method in which it was conducted, as well as disagreements on songwriting credits.
In April 1988, at a concert in Antrim, Northern Ireland, Mustaine "unknowingly" dedicated the final song to the IRA. Before the final song, "Anarchy in the UK", Mustaine said, "This one's for the cause!" A fight amongst the audience ensued, as Protestants took offense and, according to Mustaine, the band had to travel in a "bulletproof bus" for the remainder of the tour of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Mustaine later alleged that he had been misled as to the meaning of the expression "the cause" by T-Shirt bootleggers outside the venue where they were performing. This incident served as inspiration for one of Megadeth's most well-known songs, "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due".
In July 2004, former bassist David Ellefson sued Mustaine for $18.5 million in Manhattan Federal Court. Ellefson alleged that Mustaine short changed him on profits and backed out of a deal to turn Megadeth over to him when the band broke up in 2002. Ellefson also accused Mustaine of locking him out of merchandise and publishing royalties. The suit was dismissed in 2005, and Mustaine filed a countersuit, which was later settled out of court.
Also sparking minor controversy was Mustaine's announcement that Megadeth will not play certain songs live anymore, due to Mustaine's new identification as a Christian. In recent years Dave Mustaine has become a Born again Christian. In May 2005 Mustaine also allegedly threatened to cancel shows in Greece and Israel with extreme metal bands Rotting Christ and Dissection, due to the bands' perceived anti-Christian beliefs, which in turn caused the two bands to cancel their appearances.
"UFO Hypotheses featuring Alex Collier, Volume One" (released August 16, 2006) In the third DVD of the "UFO Hypotheses" series, Andromedan contactee Alex Collier describes his face-to-face contacts with blue-skinned human ETs from the Andromeda constellation and the Andromeda galaxy, which have included multiple visits aboard their tremendous motherships and decades of telepathic contact. In this truly incredible interview, Mr. Collier describes how the contacts began, and then goes into great detail describing the Andromedan civilization and their Council to which the Pleiadian ETs appealed for assistance in dealing with a dangerous, malevolent ET confederation plaguing humanity and much of the galaxy. Mr. Collier goes on to explain the details of the "Earth dilemna" and describes in detail the members of this malevolent ET confederation consisting of reptilian ETs from Alpha Draconis, the Orion Group, and the grey ETs from Zeta Reticuli 2. Mr. Collier does not hold anything back in demonstrating how the Alpha Draconan reptilian ETs have manipulated humanity into a nearly invisble system of servitude for aeons, feeding off of our labor and our bodies through the wars that they instigate and the hostile belief systems which they foster in the form of religious and social instituions. (Not intended for anyone under 18 years of age.)
A must watch, Alex Collier in this amazing interview with Rick Keefe of UFO Hypothesis. Alex has been in touch with life forms from another planet for years now and speaks of his knowledge of these beings the "Andromeda".
I am grateful to be learning and trying to seek conscientiousness... and even if you don't believe this, look at how we as a race live... Enough with the lies, we need to snap back to reality and its the lot of us that's got to do it, not anyone else... Wake up!
Alex Collier Part 1 of 12 Origins.
Alex Collier Part 2 of 12 Evolution of the Soul and Art.
Alex Collier Part 3 of 12 Andromeda Counsel, Galactic War and Control.
Alex Collier Part 4 of 12 The Elder Andromeda "The love that you withhold is the pain you carry".
Alex Collier Part 5 of 12 Agenda.
Alex Collier Part 6 of 12 2 Class Social Structure, Royalty and Workers.
Alex Collier Part 7 of 12 Feeding from the Energy and Humans selling out the Human Race.
Alex Collier Part 8 of 12
Violence to blind us and the group behind it are Mainly the Alpha Danconans, then the OrionGroup and finally the Zeta, Reticuli 2, and the Greys .
Alex Collier Part 9 of 12 Abduction and Selling out humans.... Let nature govern us.
Alex Collier Part 10 of 12 Evolution, Humans are a race of violence, sellouts, starvation... Power and Money.
Alex Collier Part 11 of 12 UN Charter, Earth and Our Consciousness... Science and Archaeology.
Alex Collier Part 12 of 12 World Debt and Healing, seek the truth.
I remember watching this and not wanting it to end. Thanks a lot Alex Collier, I just got the book "Gods of Eden by William Branley" its going to be a great read. If you want it just email me (its in pdf format).
"UFO Hypotheses featuring Alex Collier, Volume Two"(released August 17, 2007). In the fifth DVD of the "UFO Hypotheses" series, Collier, a UFO contactee since the age of eight, speaks openly and candidly to a small crowd of about twenty people on Easter Day, 1995. Collier shares the Andromedan ETs' perspective about a great many things, including the pyramid structure of regressive ETs that control the highest levels of the shadow government of the United States. Collier says that the human ETs from Andromeda warn of an upcoming abuse of power by the National Security Agency (NSA) now evidenced by Patriot Acts 1 and 2, passed by a witless Congress, which not only upends our Constitution and constitutional form of government, but also makes Congress themselves irrelevant. This is Collier's representation of the Andromedan perspective about the leaders of the United States, the banks, and the very fragile state of our environment, our basic freedoms and our human rights. This DVD presents the entire lecture held in Tucson, Arizona in 1995 concerning the collaboration between the secret government agencies and authoritarian leaders, who are collaborating for profit and power with a malevolent ET confederation, led by reptilian humanoid ETs. Intended for mature audiences. Source from: Galactic Diplomacy
UFO Hypothesis - Part 1 of 24(Also on youtube)
"UFO Hypotheses featuring Alex Collier, Volume Three" (released April 28, 2009). In the tenth DVD of the "UFO Hypotheses" series, Alex Collier, after fourteen years, again sits down with Rick Keefe for a discussion including inspired conversation on the current state of affairs in the United States, ET intervention on Earth, future challenges we are beginning to face now, the history of Atlantis, and individual purpose. Source from: Galactic Diplomacy
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 1 of 12 Human, Extraterrestrial, Blue People, Andromeda, The (USA) Government, Privatization, Our Power Given Away (we don't want responsibility), Freedom and Liberty (Self Responsibility & Self Government)or Socialism (Natural resource of the State), Corporations and Reevaluate Life.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 2 of 12 Fulfill Self, Life, Dreams, Personal Experience, towards Evolution Physically, Spiritually (Body, Mind and Soul), taking out all the Junk and Materialistic needs. Government Contractors (Programs), the Hidden Agenda, Top Secret Information, Secret Order that are Running the World and Technology Secrets.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 3 of 12 What do you want? Citizens created the States and the States created the Government. They need us more than we need them. Knowledge is Power, Unite, Non violence, and Reinstating Law without Secrets. The Program = has an Agenda (Masonic Agenda), Reverse Engineer of Technology, Detached Human Beings, ET, War, Brainwashing, and Mind Manipulation.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 4 of 12 Investing in non profitable Technology, Insurance, Banks, Wall Street, (what about the people?), Paradigm Shift, Take back Control, Research, Vote, Learn (real things) and Unlearn (the nonsense) and Live Freely. Andromeda Message take Responsibility, Back to Basics, Keeping Silent, see the self Physicality as a Spiritually Totalitarian, Creating a new Reality, non Egoistic, non Fearful and non Resourceful base. Do what is right, positive, don't buy into the system of lies?
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 5 of 12 Earth Solar System, Magnetic Field, Earth reaches the Galactic Plan it might bounce back up, Physical Shift, ET's help being in the Growth stage, Create Love, Worshiping the Self, Creator, Advance Maturity, (Karma/Rebirth) Physicality is only Momentary to gather data, and the Soul.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 6 of 12 Unlocking the Human DNA, Physical remembrance (Body, Mind and Soul), Control Nerve System, Cell/Cellular Memory, Self Healing, the Body and Will overcoming the Limitation to continue, Failed Predictions (Nuclear), Being in Contact, a Contactee (can be one sided), Third Trial of George Washington, Vision of Valley Forge, and Opportunity on Self Government.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 7 of 12 The World Pulverizes or goes Against the US, King George, the Federal Reserve Bank, Corporate Fascism, 1 World Government, Conflict of Earth Benevolent and Regression, Moving Planets, Moon, Earth was moved by the Pleiadians, they were suppose to protect the Earth but have made mistakes, Technology, Spiritual Wisdom, and Unresolved Issues on Earth.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 8 of 12 Self-Introspection, the A's Appose Helping Earth, their Values, our Values War over Oil, Water & Food shortages, rather than Empowering the People. Atlantis, Spices of Life and Pleiadians, boomed because of its Location, Minerals, Experiments, Royal-lines, Bloodlines, ended in a War that was taken out by the Pleiadians. Pleiadians took off while those left behind stayed on and have influence life, law, government, and monarchy. Moving Moon's for resource. Aryan ET underneath the Himalayas, Orion, White Race, Technology, and Influences.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 9 of 12 NASA base on the Moon, Human sharing a Base and Technology with the Grey's on the Moon, Issues on the Treaty (Warning), Told not to Land on the Moon, The Isness and Native-American Beliefs, Oneness with Life and the Creator, Contactee's their Knowledge, and Mentors.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 10 of 12 Critics, Its always easy to Second Guess rather than being in the Front Line. Who are we? Evolving Human Beings. Humanity Representing the Galactic Family. Souls on Earth from Paa Taal, Paa Taal & Uplifting the Thrid Dimension. Earth is a Prison or Paradise base on what you believe it to be (its a boot camp for the soul to learn and gain more experience). Earth a half of Mirrors a Belief Systems, Soul Lessons, and Self Empowerment.
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 11 of 12 Reincarnation, Consciousness, Multiple Lifetime to Learn, The Soul Never Dies, Hate and Fear is Lake of Love which is Destructive, Advance Maturity and Intent, to Totally and unconditionally LOVE. A community of Beings (water and land), a Miracle a Gift, Relationships and Bond. Abolish MONEY! Why do we have to pay on the Planet we were born on, who are we paying?
Alex Collier - UFO Hypothesis 12 of 12 Thank you Alex Collier and Rick Keefe.
Gregg Braden expounds on the concept of a Divine Matrix, which he defines as a bridge between the inner and outer world, and a mirror of quantum essence. In further describing the matrix, he cites the work of physicist Max Planck who wrote about a non-conventional form of energy from which all physical matter originates.
This matrix or field is not something that is "out there" but rather it's the very stuff that is holding us together, says Braden. The universe can be viewed as a massive computer, with our consciousness as the operating system and our emotions/feelings as the software.
We each create a feeling in our heart, and like prayer, it can have a direct effect on the planet. Prayer can be most effective if the desired outcome is perceived as having already happened, as this gives the field something to work with, he explains.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 1
The Divine Matrix, Bridging, Time, Space, Miracles, and Belief. Human Emotion, Intelligent Energy Field, Ancient Teachings, and Communicating with this Field a Bridge between Experiences, and Mirror of Quantum Essence.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 2
Non Conventional Field of Energy, and that all Matter originate from this virtue. Everything is Connected, Consciousness, Power of Human Emotion, and Meditation.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 3
Massive Consciousness of the Universe and Laboratory Experiment on DNA and Photons. Human Emotions and DNA. "Feeling is the Language" not words.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 4
Test of great Consciousness in a Global Scale. Conscious effects in Feelings, Empowerment, and how to use this Communication in this Neutral Field. Responsibility and Time!
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 5
Square Root of 1% to start Peace, Healing Process, and the Essence of Life Connections.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 6
Universe Holographic Entanglement, Feeling is a prayer that we need to Feel and become into, to bring about the healing. Love is the Answer. Cooperation not Competition.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 7
Will you change it! the doorway to consciousness and knowledge is right before you. The Universe and Us, we just need to surround ourselves with positive energy and think in such a way that a jolt can be felt in the ground creating an environment of completeness of being one with everything and everyone.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 8
Speaking the wrong language, we are all unique different in mind but one is self and Nature. The Heart and Out of Body Experience (OBE).
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 9
All we need is 8000 people, lets jump start the World and have Peace on Everyone, Life, Earth, and the Universe. Time and Space.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 10
"Feel as If, not For in a Clear Mind" Love as a feeling in our Emotion that is the key.
The Divine Matrix: Gregg Braden Part 11
What is this experience about?
The artificial sweetener aspartame has been the subject of several controversies and hoaxes since its initial approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1974. Anti-aspartame activists allege that conflicts of interest marred the FDA's approval of aspartame, question the quality of the initial research supporting its safety, and postulate that numerous health risks may be associated with aspartame.
The validity of these claims has been examined and dismissed. In 1987, the U.S. Government Accountability Office concluded that the food additive approval process had been followed properly for aspartame. Aspartame has been found to be safe for human consumption by more than ninety countries worldwide, with FDA officials describing aspartame as "one of the most thoroughly tested and studied food additives the agency has ever approved" and its safety as "clear cut". The weight of existing scientific evidence indicates that aspartame is safe at current levels of consumption as a non-nutritive sweetener. ~Wikipedia~
David Icke;Sodium Fluoride, Vaccine andAspartame.
Agenda 21, Sodium Fluoride and Aspartame.
Fox News: People, Government and Policies.
Chemical Dumbing Down by the Government.
Psychological Problems, Health Risk and all because its just BUSINESS!
Products with Aspartame
These products may contain aspartame, but may also be available in sugared form, or with neither sugar nor artificial sweeteners, that is, natural. This list can be summarized as if it tastes too sweet to be true, it probably is. In their artificially sweetened form, all of these products have a sweet taste, but no calories from sugar.
* Breath Mints * Carbonated Soft Drinks * Cereals * Chewing Gum * Flavored Syrups for Coffee * Flavored Water Products * Frozen Ice * Frozen Ice Cream Novelties * Fruit Spreads * Gelatin, Sugar Free * Hard Candies * Ice Cream Toppings * Ice Creams, No Sugar Added or Sugar Free * Iced Tea, Powder * Iced Tea, Ready to Drink * Instant Cocoa Mix * Jams & Jellies * Juice Blends * Juice Drinks * Maple Syrups * Meal Replacements * Mousse * No Sugar Added Pies * Non-Carbonated Diet Soft Drinks * Nutritional Bars * Powdered Soft Drinks * Protein Nutritional Drinks * Pudding * Soft Candy Chews * Sugar Free Chocolate Syrup * Sugar Free Cookies * Sugar Free Ketchup * Table Top Sweeteners * Vegetable Drinks * Vitamins * Yogurt, Drinkable * Yogurt, Fat Free * Yogurt, Sugar Free Aspartame - Health risks controversy
While it is well-known that aspartame contains phenylalanine and is unsafe for those born with phenylketonuria, some believe that aspartame can be implicated in other public health issues. Some of these contentions are backed by reputable scientific research, while others depend heavily on anecdotal evidence and layman's interpretations of chemistry.
The FDA receives more complaints related to aspartame than any other food additive. Concerns about aspartame frequently revolve around symptoms and health conditions that are allegedly caused by the sweetener. The 92 health effects reported to the FDA are: abdominal pain, anxiety attacks, arthritis, asthma, asthmatic reactions, bloating/edema, blood sugar control problems (hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia), brain cancer (Pre-approval studies in animals), breathing difficulties, burning eyes or throat, burning urination, inability to think clearly, chest pains, chronic cough, chronic fatigue, confusion, death, depression, diarrhea, dizziness, excessive thirst or hunger, fatigue, feel 'unreal', flushing of face, hair loss (baldness) or thinning of hair, headaches/migraines, hearing loss, heart palpitations, hives (Urticaria), hypertension (high blood pressure), impotency and sexual problems, inability to concentrate, infection susceptibility, insomnia, irritability, itching, joint pains, laryngitis, "like thinking in a fog," marked personality changes, memory loss, menstrual problems or changes, muscle spasms, nausea or vomiting, numbness or tingling of extremities, other allergic-like reactions, panic attacks, phobias, poor memory, rapid heartbeat, rashes, seizures and convulsions, slurring of speech, swallowing pain, tachycardia, tremors, tinnitus, vertigo, vision loss, and weight gain.
Questions have been raised about brain cancer, lymphoma, and genotoxic effects such as DNA-protein crosslinks, but these questions are primarily not based on reported case histories.
The sources for reported symptoms and health conditions that have raised questions include:
1. Reports and analysis of case histories in scientific journals and at medical conferences. 2. Symptoms reported to the FDA and other governmental agencies. 3. Symptoms reported to non-governmental organizations, researchers, and physicians. 4. Reports of symptoms and health conditions in the media. 5. Self-reported cases on the Internet.
There is a significant debate in the scientific and medical community as to whether these symptoms are or are not caused by short-term or long-term exposure to aspartame. Some human and animal studies have found adverse effects and some have found no adverse effects. It is not only the results of the research that have been questioned, but the design of the research that led to specific outcomes. For example, in human research of aspartame, the aspartame is usually provided in slow-dissolving capsules. But the biochemical changes from ingesting aspartame in slow-dissolving capsules is many times smaller than ingesting aspartame dissolved in liquids (such as carbonated beverages). Therefore, the amount of aspartame used in most human studies is equivalent to a much smaller "real-world" amount. Other questions that have been raised about aspartame research involve the length of the studies, the number of test subjects; conflict of interest issues, improper testing procedures, etc.
Since the FDA approved aspartame for consumption in 1981, some researchers have suggested that a rise in brain tumor rates in the United States may be at least partially related to the increasing availability and consumption of aspartame. In 2005, researchers with the (Ramazzini) Cancer Research Centre in Italy reported that aspartame "causes a dose-related statistically significant increase in lymphomas and leukaemias in female rats at dose levels very near those to which humans can be exposed". However, the report also found that "no statistically significant increase in malignant brain tumors was observed". The study, published in the European Journal of Oncology, raises concerns about the levels of aspartame exposure.
There are four chemical components of aspartame that scientists and physicians have debated as to whether they are causing or can cause adverse health effects:
Aspartame - Methanol Scientists agree that approximately 10% of aspartame (by weight) is broken down into methanol in the small intestine. Most of the methanol is absorbed and quickly converted into formaldehyde. Some scientists believe that the methanol cannot be a problem because: a) there is not enough methanol absorbed to cause toxicity, b) methanol and formaldehyde are already a by-product of human metabolism, and c) there is more methanol in some alcoholic beverages and fruit juices than is derived from aspartame ingestion.
Other scientists believe a) fruit juices and alcoholic beverages always contain protective chemicals such as ethanol that block conversion of methanol into formaldehyde, but aspartame contains no protective factors; b) the levels of methanol and particularly formaldehyde have been proven to cause chronic toxicity in humans, and c) the low levels of methanol and formaldehyde in human metabolism are tightly-controlled such that significant increases from aspartame ingestion are not safe.
In 1998, a team of scientists in Spain conducted an experiment on rodents to indirectly measure the levels of formaldehyde adducts in the organs after ingestion of aspartame. They did this by radiolabeling the methanol portion of aspartame. The scientists concluded that formaldehyde bound to protein and DNA accumulated in the brain, liver, kidneys and other tissues after ingestion of either 20 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg of aspartame. However, it has been argued by Tephly that these scientists were not directly measuring formaldehyde, but simply measuring levels of some by-product of the methanol from aspartame.Tephly believes that the by-product was not formaldehyde. The researchers have stated that the data in the experiment has proven it was formaldehyde.
Aspartame - Phenylalanine Phenylalanine is an amino acid commonly found in foods. Approximately 50% of aspartame (by weight) is broken down into phenylalanine. Because aspartame is broken down and absorbed very quickly (unlike phenylalanine-containing proteins in foods), it is known that aspartame could spike blood plasma levels of phenylalanine. The debate centers on whether a significant spike in blood plasma phenylalanine occurs at typical aspartame ingestion levels, whether a sudden influx of phenylalanine into the bloodstream adversely affects uptake of other amino acids into the brain and the production of neurotransmitters (since phenylalanine competes with other Large Neutral Amino Acids (LNAAs) for entry into the brain at the blood brain barrier), and whether a significant rise in phenylalanine levels would be concentrated in the brain of fetuses and be potentially neurotoxic.
Some scientists believe (based on case histories from aspartame users, measuring levels of neurotransmitters in the brains of animals and measuring the potential of aspartame to cause seizures in animals) that aspartame may affect neurotransmitter production. They believe that even a moderate spike in blood plasma phenylalanine levels from typical ingestion may have adverse consequences in long-term use. They are especially concerned that the phenylalanine can be concentrated in fetal brains to a potentially neurotoxic level. Other scientists believe that rise in blood plasma phenylalanine is negligable in typical use of aspartame and their studies show no significant effects on neurotransmitter levels in the brain or changes in seizure thresholds. In addition, they say that proven adverse effects of phenylalanine on fetuses has only been seen when blood phenylalanine levels stay at high levels as opposed to occasionally being spiked to high levels.
Aspartame - Aspartic acid Aspartic acid is an amino acid commonly found in foods. Approximately 40% of aspartame (by mass) is broken down into aspartic acid. Because aspartame is broken down and absorbed very quickly (unlike aspartic acid-containing proteins in foods), it is known that aspartame could spike blood plasma levels of aspartate. Aspartic acid is in a class of chemicals known as excitotoxins. Abnormally high levels of excitotoxins have been shown in hundreds of animals studies to cause damage to areas of the brain unprotected by the blood brain barrier and a variety of chronic diseases arising out of this neurotoxicity. The debate amongst scientists has been raging since the early 1970's, when Dr. John Olney found that high levels of aspartic acid caused damage to the brains of infant mice. Dr. Olney and consumer attorney, James Turner filed a protest with the FDA to block the approval of aspartame. The debate is complex and has focused on several areas: a) whether the increase in plasma aspartate levels from typical ingestion levels of aspartame is enough to cause neurotoxicity in one dose or over time; b) whether humans are susceptible to the neurotoxicity from aspartic acid seen in some animal experiments; c) whether aspartic acid increases the toxicity of formaldehyde; d) whether neurotoxicity from excitotoxins should consider the combined effect aspartic acid and other excitotoxins such as glutamic acid from monosodium glutamate. The Neuroscientists at a meeting of the Society for Neuroscience had a split of opinion on the issues related to neurotoxic effects from excitotoxic amino acids found in some additives such as aspartame.
Some scientists believe that humans and other primates are not as susceptible to excitotoxins as rodents and therefore there is little concern with aspartic acid from aspartame. While they agree that the combined effects of all food-based excitotoxins should be considered, their measurements of the blood plasma levels of aspartic acid after ingestion of aspartame and monosodium glutamate demonstrate that there is not a cause for concern. Other scientists feel that primates are susceptible to excitotoxic damage and that humans concentrate excitotoxins in the blood more than other animals. Based on these findings, they feel that humans are approximately 5-6 times more susceptible to the effects of excitotoxins than are rodents. While they agree that typical use of aspartame does not spike aspartic acid to extremely high levels in adults, they are particularly concerned with potential effects in infants and young children, the potential long-term neurodegenerative effects of small-to-moderate spikes on plasma excitotoxin levels, and the potential dangers of combining formaldehyde exposure from aspartame with excitotoxins given that chronic methanol exposure increases excitoxin levels in susceptible areas of the brain and that excitotoxins may potentiate formaldehyde damage.
Aspartame - Aspartylphenylalanine diketopiperazine This type of diketopiperazine (DKP) is created in products as aspartame breaks down over time. For example, researchers found that 6 months after aspartame was put into carbonated beverages, 25% of the aspartame had been converted to DKP. Concern amongst some scientists has been expressed that this form of DKP would undergo a nitrosation process in the stomach producing a type of chemical that could cause brain tumors. Other scientists feel that the nitrosation of aspartame or the DKP in the stomach would not produce a chemical that would cause brain tumors. Additionally, only a minuscule amount of the nitrosated chemical would be produced. There are very few human studies on the effects of this form of DKP. However, a (one-day) exposure study showed that the DKP was tolerated without adverse effects.
Aspartame - Responses The American Cancer Society argues that since aspartame is broken down into these components before it is absorbed into the blood stream, aspartame in its initial form does not have the opportunity to travel to target organs, including the brain, to cause cancer. The Feingold Association has stated that aspartame is reported to cause a variety of neurological effects from headache to seizures and brain tumors. The American Heart Association concludes that extensive investigation so far hasn't shown any serious side effects from aspartame. A consumer alert issued by the Association for Consumers Action on Safety and Health was published related to the dangers of ingesting aspartame. The National Cancer Institute argues there is no evidence that the regulated artificial sweeteners on the market in the United States are related to cancer risk in humans. The National Health Federation calls aspartame a neurotoxic artificial sweetener. The FDA says the more than 100 toxicological and clinical studies it has reviewed confirm that aspartame is safe for the general population. The consumer organization UK Campaign for Truth in Medicine says that Aspartame is, by far, the most dangerous substance on the market that is added to foods. There have been more than 600 studies on aspartame and thousands of studies on aspartame breakdown products and metabolites. It is not known whether person(s) writing the opinion for the above-mentioned organizations have read the bulk of the published research on aspartame or whether they are relying on summaries provided to them.
Aspartame - Recently published research A large three-year study into the long term effects of eating aspartame in rats by the European Ramazzini Foundation for cancer research in Bologna, Italy was published in September 2005. It found evidence that aspartame caused cancer of the kidney, and of the peripheral nerves, mainly in the head. It also reported an increased risk of leukaemias and lymphomas in female rats. Manufacturers of aspartame have challenged the validity of the study.
Aspartame - Properties and use Aspartame's attractiveness as a sweetener comes from the fact that it is approximately 180 times sweeter than sugar in typical concentrations without the high energy value of sugar. While aspartame, like other peptides, has a caloric value of 4 kilocalories (17 kilojoules) per gram, the quantity of aspartame needed to produce a sweet taste is so small as to make its caloric contribution negligible, which makes it a popular sweetener for those trying to avoid calories from sugar. The taste of aspartame is not identical to sugar: aspartame's sweetness has a slower onset and longer duration than sugar's, and some consumers find it unappealing. Blends of aspartame with acesulfame potassium are purported to have a more sugar-like taste, and to be more potent than either sweetener used alone.
Like many other peptides, aspartame may hydrolyze (break down) into its constituent amino acids under conditions of elevated temperature or high pH. This makes aspartame undesirable as a baking sweetener, and prone to degradation in high-pH products requiring a long shelf life. Aspartame's stability under heating can be improved to some extent by encasing it in fats or in maltodextrin. Aspartame's stability when dissolved in water depends markedly on pH. At room temperature, it is most stable at pH 4.3, where its half-life is nearly 300 days. At pH 7 however, its half-life is only a few days. Most soft-drinks have a pH between 3 and 5, where aspartame is reasonably stable. In products that may require a longer shelf life, such as syrups for fountain beverages, aspartame is sometimes blended with a more stable sweetener, such as saccharin.
In products such as powdered beverages, aspartame's amino group can undergo a Maillard reaction with the aldehyde groups present in certain aroma compounds. The ensuing loss of both flavor and sweetness can be prevented by protecting the aldehyde as an acetal.
What is the Rosetta Stone? What is the Rosetta Stone? Definition: The Rosetta Stone is a large black stone, made of *basalt, which is nearly 4 feet long, over 2 feet wide and 11 inches thick. The stone contains a decree of the Egyptian Pharaoh Ptolemy V who ruled Egypt 204 BC-180 BC. The stone is dated as 196 BC and contains a royal decree of the Pharaoh which had the same messages written in three different languages: Ancient Greek, hieroglyphics, and demotic (the language of the ancient Egyptians). The Ancient Greek language was known by linguists and the text inscriptions on the stone gave the first clues to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics. The stone was found in 1799 at Rosetta (Rashid) in the Nile Delta, hence its name - the Rosetta Stone.
*Basalt is a dark colored, fine-grained volcanic rock the most abundant volcanic rock in the Earth's crust
Description of the Rosetta Stone The description of the Rosetta Stone is as follows:
The Rosetta Stone is made of black basalt stone
It is believed to date back to 196 BC
Size: The Rosetta Stone measures:
3 feet 9 inches long
2 feet 4½ inches across
11 inches thick
The Rosetta Stone contains three separate bands of writing which are inscribed with text from three different languages:
Hieroglyphics - top band of the Rosetta Stone
Demotic script ( Ancient Egyptian language ) - Middle band
Greek - bottom band
The names of the men who played major roles in the translation of the Rosetta Stone:
Pierre-Francois Bouchard
Silvestre de Sacy
Johann Akerblad
Rev. Stephen Weston
Thomas Young
Jean-Francois Champollion
What was the original purpose of the inscription on the Rosetta Stone? The original purpose of the inscription on the Rosetta Stone was to affirm the royal status and cult of Ptolemy V as a deity throughout Egypt by a series of royal decrees. The text on the Rosetta Stone was duplicated on many similar stones and was made known throughout Egypt, literally set in stone, just like the Rosetta Stone, in three languages.
What is the text inscribed on the Rosetta Stone? The inscription on the Rosetta Stone is a decree establishing the status and cult of Ptolemy V as a deity. The text begins with an inscription praising the Pharaoh Ptolemy V. The stone then details his victory at the siege of the city of Lycopolis, where rebel priests of the Temple of Lycopolis had refused to pay taxes to the Pharaoh in the 9th year of his reign (196BC) which had prompted the decree. The inscription on the Rosetta Stone then goes on to extol the good deeds done by the Ptolemy V for the temples. The final part of the text gives instructions detailing how Ptolemy should be worshipped - how his shrine was to be set up, when prayers should be offered, the burning of incense and days when festivals, such as the birthday of the god-king, should be celebrated.
The Rosetta Stone - How did Egyptian hieroglyphics become a 'dead language'? The Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics were a total mystery for many hundreds of years - people were completely unable to decipher the symbols and pictures. How did Egyptian hieroglyphics become a 'dead language'? The decline in the use of hieroglyphics began during the Ptolemaic dynasty. During this period of Egyptian history the Egyptian and Greek languages were used simultaneously. Following the decline of the Ptolemaic period Egypt was ruled by the Romans when only the Latin language was used (and occasionally some Greek). Within a period of just hundred years of the Roman Governorship, the Egyptian hieroglyphics were no longer used or understood by anyone. The Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics had become a 'dead language' - until the discovery of the Rosetta Stone.
History of the Rosetta Stone - Why were the French involved? What was the history of the Rosetta Stone and who found the Rosetta Stone? In 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte led a military campaign into Egypt. Napoleon Bonaparte believed that the French could defeat the British by invading Egypt and gaining control of the rich food supply. Lord Horratio Nelson, the commander of the British Navy, defeated the French navy and stranded the French army in Egypt for 3 years. During this time the French studied Egyptian monuments and history and Napoleon Bonaparte gave orders that valuable Ancient Egyptian antiquities should be transferred to Paris.
Who found the Rosetta Stone? Pierre-Francois Bouchard The French soldiers built forts in Egypt using existing stones from old ruins. In 1799 a young French officer called Pierre-Francois Bouchard (1772 - 1832) was involved with the building of fortifications near Rosetta (Rashid) in the Nile Delta, a small Egyptian city near Alexandria. It was near Rosetta that Pierre-Francois Bouchard stumbled across a block of black basalt stone which would become world famous as the 'Rosetta Stone'. Pierre-Francois Bouchard discovered the Rosetta Stone on July 15, 1799.
The condition of the Rosetta Stone When Pierre-Francois Bouchard found the Rosetta Stone he realised that it might be important and contacted the French scholars who had accompanied the forces of Napoleon on his expedition to Egypt. The Rosetta Stone had been damaged over the years and the most incomplete part of the stone was the top band of writing containing hieroglyphics. The middle band was the Egyptian script called Demotic script, a forerunner of the Hieratic script, and the bottom was ancient Greek. Pierre-Francois Bouchard recognised the Greek language and the hieroglyphics but had never seen an example of the Demotic script. When Pierre-Francois Bouchard took the stone to the French scholars they realized that it was a decree written in the languages used in Egypt at the time.
Deciphering the Demotic script contained on the Rosetta Stone - Silvestre de Sacy The French scholars including a linguist called Silvestre de Sacy began to focus on deciphering the Demotic script, the middle band of text, because it was more complete and it looked more like letters than the picture writing of the hieroglyphics. The Demotic script was compared to the Ancient Greek writing in an effort to decipher and understand the language. Silvestre de Sacy and the French scholars were able to read and understand some of the Greek script and the process of deciphering and translating the Demotic script and the Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics began by comparing the Greek and the Egyptian words. The Demotic script was the first to be deciphered and much of this pioneering work is credited to Silvestre de Sacy, the French linguist. Silvestre de Sacy identified the symbols which comprised the word ‘Ptolemy’ and ‘Alexander’ thus, establishing a relationship between the symbols and sounds.
Deciphering the Demotic script contained on the Rosetta Stone - Johann Akerblad Johann Akerblad was a Swedish diplomat and linguist. Johann Akerblad looked at the Rosetta Stone with an additional knowledge of the Coptic language. Coptic was the old Egyptian language used by the Coptic church of Egypt. Coptic was written with the Greek alphabet but also contained seven additional symbols from the Demotic script. His knowledge of Coptic allowed Johann Akerblad to identify the words for love, temple and Greek confirming that the Demotic script was a phonetic script.
Deciphering the Greek script contained on the Rosetta Stone - Rev. Stephen Weston The earliest translation of the Greek text on the Rosetta Stone into English was done by Reverend Stephen Weston in London in April 1802 before the Society of Antiquaries .
Deciphering the Rosetta Stone - Thomas Young In 1814, the British linguist, Thomas Young finished the work started by Johann Akerblad and Stephen Weston. Thomas Young translated the Demotic text and began work on translating the hieroglyphic alphabet. Thomas Young was successful in determining that names could not be represented by symbols because symbols are based upon the words used in a given language. Therefore foreign names had to be spelled phonetically. In hieroglyphics there are groups of encircled symbols that are separated from other symbols. This type of encircled symbol became known as a cartouche. Thomas Young realised that a cartouche contained proper names of important people - like the names of Ptolemy and Alexander. Thomas Young successfully deciphered five cartouches.
Translating the Rosetta Stone - Jean-Francois Champollion Jean-Francois Champollion was a young French historian and linguist who had knowledge of many Eastern languages. In 1807 Jean-Francois Champollion went to study with Silvestre de Sacy. Jean-Francois Champollion followed in the footsteps of his tutor, Silvestre de Sacy and started work on the translation of the text on the Rosetta Stone. Jean-Fracois Champollion greatly expanded on the work of Thomas Young on the translation of the Rosetta Stone. Champollion compiled a Coptic dictionary and then studied the conclusions drawn by Thomas Young on hieroglyphics. Jean-Francois Champollion realized that what Thomas Young had proved was that all hieroglyphics were phonetic, not just those hieroglyphics that were contained within the cartouches. Jean-Francois Champollion studied the hieroglyphics from an obelisk found at Philae by Belzoni and he correctly identified the names of Cleopatra and Alexander and verified the name of Ptolemy which had previously been identified by Thomas Young. In 1822 new inscriptions from a temple at Abu Simbel were shown to Jean-Francois Champollion who correctly identified the name of the pharaoh who had built the temple as ‘Ramses.’ Utilizing his knowledge of Coptic he continued to successfully translate the hieroglyphics opening up an understanding of the Ancient Egyptians. Jean-Francois Champollion became known as the translator of the Rosetta Stone.
Rosetta Stone Each section of this Egyptian website addresses all topics and provides interesting facts and information about the Golden Age of Egypt. The Sitemap provides full details of all of the information and facts provided about the fascinating subject of Egypt, the Ancient Egyptians and of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun, King Tut.
Text Source from: http://www.king-tut.org.uk/ancient-egypt/rosetta-stone.htm
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone (Part 1 - 6) In 1799, when French troops near Rosetta, Egypt, discovered an ancient basalt slab carved with hieroglyphs, little did they know it would provide the key to unlocking the mysteries of an ancient civilization. This History Channel presentation reveals the saga of the Rosetta stone -- from its discovery and the many failed attempts to decode it to the deciphering of its text more than two decades later by Jean Francois Champollion
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 1 History in Egypt's Stone of Mankind; British and France (Napoleon).
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 2 1799 Rosetta Tablet discovered with Hieroglyphic, Greek, and Demotic Inscription.
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 3 Smuggling Failure, Egyptian Mystery, and Biblical Connection.
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 4 Uncertain Translations, Lining and Matching Graphically.
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 5 Jean-Francois Champollion, cracking the Rosetta Stone; PTOLMEES, KLEOPATRA and RAMESESS.
Secrets of the Rosetta Stone Part 6 Unlocking the Hieroglyphs, Science Egyptology and Literature.
Rosetta Stone Language Key - Part 1 BBC documentary which means its mainstream information about the discovery and deciphering of the most important archeological discovery of all time - The Rosetta Stone. The Rosetta Stone was the key to unlocking not only the lost and forgotten hieroglyphic language but also the ancient mysteries of the Egyptian civilization which had lain buried for thousands of years in the sands of time.
The Emerald Tablet, also known as Smaragdine Table, Tabula Smaragdina, or The Secret of Hermes, is a text purporting to reveal the secret of the primordial substance and its transmutations. It claims to be the work of Hermes Trismegistus ("Hermes the Thrice-Greatest"), a legendary Hellenistic combination of the Greek god Hermes and the Egyptian god Thoth.
Below are shown several translations including the Arabic, the Latin, and one from Isaac Newton. The compact and cryptic text you will see below was highly regarded by European alchemists as the foundation of their art, in particular of its Hermetic tradition. Interpreting the layers of meanings of the Emerald Tablet, from individual words to the overall meaning, is fraught with possibilities, but certainly Alchemy's Magnum opus and the ancient, classical, element system are the basis of any sound explanation, as they provide a key to the ideas of earth, fire, sun, moon, etc., common to all the translations.
Textual history The oldest documentable source for the text is the Kitab Sirr al-Asrar, a compendium of advice for rulers in Arabic which purports to be a letter from Aristotle to Alexander the Great. This work was translated into Latin as Secretum Secretorum (The Secret of Secrets) by Johannes "Hispalensis" or Hispaniensis (John of Seville) ca. 1140 and by Philip of Tripoli c. 1243.
In the 14th century, the alchemist Ortolanus wrote a substantial exegesis on "The Secret of Hermes," which was influential on the subsequent development of alchemy. Many manuscripts of this copy of the Emerald Tablet and the commentary of Ortolanus survive, dating at least as far back as the 15th century.
The Tablet has also been found appended to manuscripts of the Kitab Ustuqus al-Uss al-Thani (Second Book of the Elements of Foundation) attributed to Jabir ibn Hayyan, and the Kitab Sirr al-Khaliqa wa San`at al-Tabi`a ("Book of the Secret of Creation and the Art of Nature"), dated between 650 and 830 AD.
The tablet text Arabic translation A new translation bypassing the Latin has just been published by Nineveh Shadrach from the original Arabic of Book of Causes attributed to Apollonius of Tyana.
1. It contains an accurate commentary that can't be doubted. 2. It states: What is the above is from the below and the below is from the above. The work of wonders is from one. 3. And all things sprang from this essence through a single projection. How marvelous is its work! It is the principle [sic] part of the world and its custodian. 4. Its father is the sun and its mother is the moon. Thus the wind bore it within it and the earth nourished it. 5. Father of talismans and keeper of wonders. 6. Perfect in power that reveals the lights. 7. It is a fire that became our earth. Separate the earth from the fire and you shall adhere more to that which is subtle than that which is coarse, through care and wisdom. 8. It ascends from the earth to the heaven. It extracts the lights from the heights and descends to the earth containing the power of the above and the below for it is with the light of the lights. Therefore the darkness flees from it. 9. The greatest power overcomes everything that is subtle and it penetrates all that is coarse. 10. The formation of the microcosm is in accordance with the formation of the macrocosm. 11. The scholars made this their path. 12. This is why Thrice Hermes was exalted with wisdom. 13. This is his last book that he hid in the catacomb.
Newton's translation One translation, by Isaac Newton, found among his alchemical papers as reported by B. J. Dobbs in modern spelling:
1. Tis true without lying, certain most true. 2. That which is below is like that which is above that which is above is like that which is below to do the miracles of one only thing. 3. And as all things have been arose from one by the mediation of one: so all things have their birth from this one thing by adaptation. 4. The Sun is its father, the moon its mother, 5. the wind hath carried it in its belly, the earth its nurse. 6. The father of all perfection in the whole world is here. 7. Its force or power is entire if it be converted into earth. * Separate thou the earth from the fire, the subtle from the gross sweetly with great industry. 8. It ascends from the earth to the heaven again it descends to the earth and receives the force of things superior and inferior. 9. By this means ye shall have the glory of the whole world thereby all obscurity shall fly from you. 10. Its force is above all force. for it vanquishes every subtle thing and penetrates every solid thing. * So was the world created. 11. From this are and do come admirable adaptations whereof the means (Or process) is here in this. 12. Hence I am called Hermes Trismegist, having the three parts of the philosophy of the whole world. 13. That which I have said of the operation of the Sun is accomplished and ended.
Beato translation Another translation from Aurelium Occultae Philosophorum by Georgio Beato:
1. This is true and remote from all cover of falsehood. 2. Whatever is below is similar to that which is above. Through this the marvels of the work of one thing are procured and perfected. 3. Also, as all things are made from one, by the consideration of one, so all things were made from this one, by conjunction. 4. The father of it is the sun, the mother the moon. 5. The wind bore it in the womb. Its nurse is the earth, the mother of all perfection. 6. Its power is perfected. 7. If it is turned into earth, 8. Separate the earth from the fire, the subtle and thin from the crude and coarse, prudently, with modesty and wisdom. 9. This ascends from the earth into the sky and again descends from the sky to the earth, and receives the power and efficacy of things above and of things below. 10. By this means you will acquire the glory of the whole world, and so you will drive away all shadows and blindness. 11. For this by its fortitude snatches the palm from all other fortitude and power. For it is able to penetrate and subdue everything subtle and everything crude and hard. 12. By this means the world was founded 13. And hence the marvelous cojunctions of it and admirable effects, since this is the way by which these marvels may be brought about. 14. And because of this they have called me Hermes Tristmegistus since I have the three parts of the wisdom and Philosophy of the whole universe. 15. My speech is finished which I have spoken concerning the solar work.
Latin text Original edition of the Latin text. (Chrysogonus Polydorus, Nuremberg 1541):
1. Verum, sine mendatio, certum et verissimum: 2. Quod est inferius est sicut quod est superius, et quod est superius est sicut quod est inferius, ad perpetranda miracula rei unius. 3. Et sicut res omnes fuerunt ab uno, meditatione unius, sic omnes res natae ab hac una re, adaptatione. 4. Pater eius est Sol. Mater eius est Luna. 5. Portavit illud Ventus in ventre suo. 6. Nutrix eius terra est. Pater omnis telesmi totius mundi est hic. 7. Virtus eius integra est si versa fuerit in terram. 8. Separabis terram ab igne, subtile ab spisso, suaviter, magno cum ingenio. 9. Ascendit a terra in coelum, iterumque descendit in terram, et recipit vim superiorum et inferiorum. 10. Sic habebis Gloriam totius mundi. 11. Ideo fugiet a te omnis obscuritas. 12. Haec est totius fortitudinis fortitudo fortis, quia vincet omnem rem subtilem, omnemque solidam penetrabit. 13. Sic mundus creatus est. 14. Hinc erunt adaptationes mirabiles, quarum modus est hic. Itaque vocatus sum Hermes Trismegistus, habens tres partes philosophiae totius mundi. 15. Completum est quod dixi de operatione Solis.
Contemporary rendering of Latin text
1. [It is] true, without error, certain and most true, 2. That which is below is as that which is above, and that which is above is as that which is below, to perform the miracles of the one thing. 3. And as all things were from the one, by means of the meditation of the one, thus all things were born from the one, by means of adaptation. 4. Its father is the Sun, its mother is the Moon, the Wind carried it in its belly, its nurse is the earth. 5. The father of the whole world [or "of all of the initiates"?] is here. 6. Its power is whole if it has been turned into earth. 7. You will separate the earth from the fire, the subtle from the dense, sweetly, with great skill. 8. It ascends from earth into heaven and again it descends to the earth, and receives the power of higher and of lower things. 9. Thus you will have the Glory of the whole world. 10. Therefore will all obscurity flee from you. 11. Of all strength this is true strength, because it will conquer all that is subtle, and penetrate all that is solid. 12. Thus was the world created. 13. From this were wonderful adaptations, of which this is the means. Therefore am I named Thrice-Great Hermes, having the three parts of the philosophy of the whole world. 14. It is finished, what I have said about the working[s] of the Sun.
Influence In its several Western recensions, the Tablet became a mainstay of medieval and Renaissance alchemy. Commentaries and/or translations were published by, among others, Trithemius, Roger Bacon, Michael Maier, Aleister Crowley, Albertus Magnus, and Isaac Newton.
C.G. Jung identified "The Emerald Tablet" with a table made of green stone which he encountered in the first of a set of his dreams and visions beginning at the end of 1912, and climaxing in his writing Seven Sermons to the Dead in 1916.
Because of its longstanding popularity, the Emerald Tablet is the only piece of non-Greek Hermetica to attract widespread attention in the West. The reason that the Emerald Tablet was so valuable is because it contained the instructions for the goals of alchemists. It hinted at the recipe for alchemical gold, as well as how to set one's level of consciousness to a new degree.
It is credited as an influence for the best selling book and film, The Secret, by Rhonda Byrne, that also says our intentions and emotions will manifest in our lives and world.
Megadeth Biography
Controversy
