Sunday, October 9, 2011

Truth, Secrets of the Pyramids and The Sphinx in Egypt



What inscriptions are on the Sphinx?
Although there are no records regarding the construction of the Sphinx, there are records of its restoration. The "Sphinx Stela," a stone-engraved inscription dated around 1400 B.C., is the oldest record concerning the Sphinx. According to Fingerprints of the Gods, it describes the restoration of the Sphinx by Pharaoh Thutmosis IV (1401-1391 B.C.) of the 18th Dynasty.

The Stela states that during a hunting trip Prince Thutmosis became tired and slept in the shadow of the Sphinx. He had a dream that the Sphinx promised to reward him with a double crown of Egypt if he would remove the sand from it and restore the sculpture.

According to Manly Hall’s book and Max Thoth book Pyramid Prophecies (p. 158), another account of this legend states that the god appeared unto Prince Thutmosis asking him to do the same. Due to erosion of the stela inscription, no one knows how this promised was fulfilled.

Basically, this granite inscription described the form of the Sphinx as a lion’s body. It also stated that the embodiment was "a great magical power that existed in this place from the beginning of all time (p. 11)," according to the book The Message of the Sphinx by Graham Hancock and Robert Bauval (© 1996 Three Rivers Press).

Now this stone inscription did not explain the purpose, the original designer and builder, or the date of the Sphinx’s erection. However, it did cause a great controversy. On line 13 of the inscription it contains the first syllable "Khaf" and it has been associated with King Khafre of the Fourth Dynasty of Pharaoh, who reigned during 2520-2494 B.C.

From this inscription the orthodox view found in any textbook and encyclopedia states that King Khafre built the Sphinx. It will be shown later that a minority group does not accept this view.

Since the Sphinx is located in a desert region, the sand constantly recovered it. In the last 200 years the Sphinx has been excavated and re-excavated four or five times. Basically, this has been the history of the Sphinx.

In Reference to:
Hancock, Graham Fingerprints of the Gods
Thoth, Max Pyramid Prophecies
Source from: Plim

Information on the Antarctic:
1. Bibliotecapleyades
2. Grey Falcon



Monuments to Life - Robert Bauval

Rober Bauval


Monuments to Life - Graham Hancock
Graham Hancock

Friday, October 7, 2011

History & Astronomy of The Pyramids, The Sphinx, Angkor Wat, Easter Island other South American, and Europe Sites - Graham Hancock

The "Door" in the Great Pyramid
(c) 1996, Graham Hancock

In March 1993, a small "door" made of marble or limestone with two copper handles fixed on it was discovered by a mechanized robot (Upuaut II, "Me opener of the way" in ancient Egyptian) at the end of a long narrow shaft (8 x 8 inches and 200 feet long). Since then the discoverer, robotics engineer Rudolf Gantenbrink from Munich, has been banned from resuming the exploration and opening the door. The official reason given by the Egyptian Antiquities Authorities (known as the Supreme Council of Antiquities - SCA) was that Gantenbrink leaked the news of the discovery to the British Press in April 1993 and thus, apparently, broke a "rule" of archeology. The Director of the German Archaeological Institute in Cairo, Dr. Rainer Stadelmann, sided with the Egyptians and condemned Gantenbrink for his press action. Dr. Stadelmann was adamant about the non-importance of the find. "This is not a door; there is nothing behind it." The President of the Supreme Council for Antiquities, Dr. Muhamad Bakr, went as far as claiming a "hoax." "The orifice of the shaft is too small for the robot to go through" and accused the "German scientist" of not having the correct "approvals" from the SCA to carry out the exploration. Dr. Bakr fired the Chief Inspector of the Giza Pyramid Plateau, Dr. Zahi Hawass, although the official reason given was that a valuable ancient "statue" under the custody of Hawass was stolen from Giza. Three months later, in June 1993, Dr. Bakr himself was fired and replaced by Dr. Nur El Din. Amid accusations of malpractice and fraud, Dr. Bakr spoke of a "mafia" which had been involved with the Pyramids for "the last twenty years". Refusing to give names, Dr. Bakr said, "I wanted the whole matter investigated by the prosecution authorities, but my request was refused." Meanwhile, Dr. Hawass, who went to the USA, claimed that the discovery of the "door" was "THE discovery in Egypt," and speculated on important artifacts behind it. In early 1994, Dr. Hawass was reinstalled at his post at the Giza Pyramids. Meanwhile, Gantenbrink offered his robot to the Egyptians and also offered to train an Egyptian technician to man the equipment and open the door. The Egyptians rejected the offer; "We are very busy at the moment," replied Dr. Nur El Din. About the same time, Dr. Hawass was to declare that "I do not think this is a "door" and there is nothing behind it." In March 1996 however, Dr. Hawass changed his mind once again and declared Gantenbrink's find as being one of huge interest and that the "door" would be opened in September 1996 by a Canadian "mission", but not including Rudolf Gantenbrink or his robot. The Canadian "mission" is owned by Amtex Corporation of Canada, a mulit-media CD-ROM company, who are reported to be raising the huge sum of $10 million to promote a staged a "live opening" of the door on television networks. "I'm working with a private guy who is a personal friend of Hawass and we are absolutely going to drum this thing to death. Whatever the event we are going to stage, it will be televised live," reported Amtex Corporation's president, Mr Peter Zuuring.

Tunnels & Chambers Under the Great Sphinx

I. In a series of expeditions between 1991 and 1993 led by John Anthony West, an independent Egyptologist, scientific investigators conducted geological and seismic surveys around the Great Sphinx of Egypt. The chief geologist was Dr. Robert Schoch, Professor of Geology at Boston University, and the chief seismologist was Thomas Dobecki, from the highly-respected Houston consulting firm, McBride-Ratclif & Associates.

II.The team's conclusions were as follows: A. Geology, The pattern of erosion on the Sphinx indicates that it was carved at the end of the last Ice Age, when heavy rains fell on the eastern Sahara - perhaps more than 12, 000 years ago. This contrasts starkly with the "orthodox" Egyptological dating for the Sphinx of around 4,500 years ago. B. Seismography. The seismic survey indicated the existence of several unexplored tunnels and cavities in the bedrock beneath the Sphinx, including a large rectangular chamber at a depth of some 25 feet beneath the monuments front paws.

III. In 1993, John West and his team were physically expelled from the site by Dr. Zawi Hawass then (and now) the Egyptian government's Chief Inspector of Antiquities for the Pyramids and Sphinx. He appeared to be angered by the suggestion that the Sphinx might be far older than the civilization of Egypt itself - and thus the work of a lost civilization - and was particularly incensed by an NBC television film that was made about the team's work This film linked the Sphinx to Atlantis and suggested that the chamber beneath the paws might contain the legendary "Hall of Records" of Atlantis. Hawass called these claims, "American hallucinations .. There is no scientific base for any of this. We have older monuments in the same area. They definitely weren't built by men from Atlantis. It's nonsense and we won't allow our monuments to be exploited for personal enrichment. The Sphinx is the soul of Egypt."

IV. An article in the Egyptian press responding to the NBC film quoted Dr. Hawass on his further reasons for expelling John West and his team from the Sphinx enclosure: "I have found that their work is carried out by installing endoscopes in the Sphinx body and shooting film for all phases of the work in a propagandistic but not scientific manner. I therefore suspended the work of this unscientific mission and made a report which was presented to the permanent commission who rejected the mission's work in the future."

V. The NBC film was produced by a certain Boris Said and partially financed by investments from the members of the Association for Research and Enlightenment (ARE). The ARE, headquartered in Virginia Beach in the US, is a multimillion dollar organization that exists to promulgate the teachings and prophecies of an American psychic, Edgar Cayce, who died in 1947. Prominent amongst Cayce's pronouncements were many statements to the effect that the Sphinx had been built in 10,500 BC by the survivors of the lost civiliaztion of Atlantis and that the survivors had concealed beneath it a "Hall of Records" containing all the wisdom of their lost civilization and the true history of the human race. Cayce prophesied that this Hall of Records would be rediscovered and opened between 1996 and 1998. He connected the opening to second coming of Christ.

VI. In 1995, John West and Professor Robert Schoch of Boston University put in an application to the Egyptian authorities to resume their research. their application was ignored.

VII. At the beginning of April 1996, the Egyptian authorities granted a one-year license to a new team to conduct surveys around the Sphinx and the Giza necropolis using seismic equipment and ground-penetrating radar. This team, which claims academic sponsorship from Florida State University , is largely financed through the Schor Foundation of New York - by Dr. Joseph Schor, an American multimillionaire. Dr. Schor is a life member of the ARE and wrote on 24th May 1994 of his great personal interest in corroborating "the Cayce records which indicated that the culture which led to the building of the Pyramids dates to 10,400 BC.': He also staated his wish "to further delineate that civilization."

VIII. On April 11th 1996 Dr. Schor stated of his current project at the Sphinx: "We do not work for the Edgar Cayce Group. The major purpose of the Schor Foundation and the Florida State University is to aid in the preservation and restoration of the Pyramids and Sphinx. In addition, we are surveying the underground of the Giza Plateau to find faults and chasms that might collapse. This will increase the safety of the plateau."

IX. Also financed by Dr. Schor is a short video film shot at the end of 1995 by Boris Said and produced in early 1996. The film opens with Dr. Zawi Hawass scrambling into a tunnel leading under the Sphinx. When he reaches the bottom he turns to face the camera and whispers to the viewer, "Even Indiana Jones woull never dream to be here. Can you believe it? We are now inside the Sphinx in this tunnel. This tunnel has never been opened before. No one really knows what's inside this tunnel. But we are going to open it for the first time." In commentary the film's narrator goes on to state, "Edgar Cayce, America's famous 'Sleeping Prophet', predicted that a chamber would be discovered beneath the Sphinx - a chamber containing the recorded history of human civilization. For the first time we'll show you what lies beneath this great statue...a chamber which will be opened tonight, live, for our television cameras."

X. Dr. Schor has stated (on 11th April 1996) that this video is not a promotional venture aimed at hooking a major US network to televise a live opening of a chamber under the Sphinx. On the contrary, he insists, 'It was made to test script and equipment and was made in November 1995 which was many months before we received approval for our expedition. We have abandoned its use.."

XI. On 14th April 1996, Dr. Zawi Hawass announced in the Egyptian press that there were secret tunnels under the Sphinx and around the Pyramids and stated his belief that these tunnels would prove to "carry many secrets of the building of the Pyramids."


This documentary is a breathtaking odyssey, stretching from the pyramids of ancient Egypt to South American ruins. From Easter Island to Angkor Wat, Graham Hancock puts forward compelling evidence to suggest that cultures we term ancient were in fact the heirs to an older lost civilization.



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 1 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 2 of 14



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 3 of 14



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 4 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 5 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 6 of 14



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 7 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 8 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 9 of 14



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 10 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 11 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 12 of 14



Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 13 of 14


Quest for the Lost Civilization - Part 14 of 14

Tuesday, October 4, 2011

Truth about Ireland Politics, Sinn Féin, Banks, and Revolution


Michael Tsarion - We Are Change
Michael Tsarion talks about the psychology of evil and how the 'Architects' are able to carry out their globalist agendas in secret.

Ireland Interview - Part 1 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 2 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 3 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 4 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 5 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 6 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 7 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 8 of 9

Ireland Interview - Part 9 of 9

Michael Tsarion Series
Michael Tsarion talks about his 2 books based on the human history. Its an insight towards the journey of mankind. The connection between all known civilization and secret society. Michael is a very well known researcher, written many books and has many documentary series you can find online. I recommend you view his work. A well spoken presenter fighting for the truth.

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 1 of 60



- Nov 22, 2010
Alex breaks down the globalist plans to finally bring down ireland in one big
economic implosion.


Ireland's Economic Black Hole

We Are Change Ireland - May 15, 2010
We Are Change Irelands Alan Keenan talks about the revelation that the Trilateral Commission plans war with Iran.

Alan Keenan & Neil Foster WACI - Part 1 of 3

Alan Keenan & Neil Froster WACI - Part 2 of 3

Alan Keenan & Neil Froster WACI- Part 3 of 3

- Dec 15, 2007
Discussing the new EU Treaty-Constitution, IRA, British Intelligence, & Northern Ireland. We were scheduled for Monday, but through a mix-up went on air early Friday.

We Are Change Ireland - EU Treaty - Part 1 of 2

We Are Change Ireland - EU Treaty - Part 2 of 2



- Nov 15, 2009
We discuss the Origins and the Symbolism of the European Union with David Icke. The EU is the reemergence of the (Holy) Roman Empire. We talk about the Catholic/Vatican influences in the EU and the Royals, especially the Hapsburgs, who are behind its inception. We talk about Religious Symbolism and the Babylonian/Sumerian Origins of those Symbols. Where is the EU heading with the Lisbon Treaty? http://www.redicecreations.com/

Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 1 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 2 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 3 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 4 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 5 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 6 of 7


Origins and Symbolism of the EU - Part 7 of 7

David Icke on Irish Side of the Moon - Sept 14, 2009

Part - 1 of 6

Part - 2 of 6

Part - 3 of 6

Part - 4 of 6

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Part - 6 of 6


Ireland & America - Mar 10, 2011

Ireland & America Vs. The New Venetian Empire - March 8, 2011
Mass-Strike, Empire, Editorial Statements Ever since as early as 1689, when both the citizens of Massachusetts Bay and of Ireland waged parallel and simultaneous revolutions against William of Orange and his "New Venetian Empire", Irish and Americans have found ourselves in solidarity in an unbroken struggle which continues to the present day. The long arm of this history is now acting to shape the present.



- Apr 19, 2011
Financial war reporter, Max Keiser, travels to the global financial war. This time, Keiser is in Ireland. http://maxkeiser.com
Max Keiser - Ireland - Part 1 of 2


Max Keiser - Ireland - Part 2 of 2



- Dec 7, 2010
Ireland faces the most severe welfare cuts and tax hikes in its history - the high price it has to pay for receiving an international bailout. The budget is about to face a parliamentary vote, with protesters gathered outside the Parliament building. But Socialist Party MEP, Joe Higgins believes the Irish financial system is already broken beyond repair.



Irish people owe nothing to banks & billionaires - refuse to pay now!

- Nov 16, 2010
If Europe's single currency fails, so would the Union itself. The warning comes from the EU president, who was speaking ahead of the meeting of the Eurozone's finance ministers. Portugal has warned it could be forced out of the Eurozone, and Ireland is also being urged to use European bailout money to prevent bankruptcy. But Financial analyst Max Keiser says going to the IMF for help would be even worse...

Max Keiser: Irish govt slaves to IMF terror machine

Irish Banks 2011



- Feb 17, 2011
Councillor John Brady, Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams, Aengus Ó Snodaigh TD & Councillor Seán Crowe launch Sinn Féin's proposals for Political Reform outside Government Buildings today.

Sinn Féin launch of political reform proposals

Sinn Féin Launches General Election Campaign - Feb 7, 2011
Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams officially Launches Sinn Féin's General Election campaign at the National Gallery in Dublin.

Sinn Féin would scrap the Universal Social Charge

Sinn Féin's alternative to the EU/IMF Bailout
Sinn Féin Finance Spokesperson Pearse Doherty outlines how, if in government, Sinn Féin would use the Pension Reserve fund to stimulate the economy.

A Better Way - Feb 5, 2011
Sinn Fein President Gerry Adams was joined by Party Vice-President Mary Lou McDonald and Donegal South West TD Pearse Doherty at the launch of his Louth/East Meath Election Campaign at a packed meeting in Dundalk.



- Feb 28, 2011
The dramatic elections in Ireland over the weekend are yet one more reflection of the global mass strike in progress, as the long-time ruling party, the Fianna Fáil join the ranks of the increasingly endangered species, the "Gadaffy Duck".

Ireland's Fianna Fowl Join the Gadaffy Ducks

Pub News From Ireland - Feb 1, 2011

Ireland Govt Collapse - Jan 25, 2011

Irish Debt Meltdown and Rothschild Mafia - Nov 27, 2010



- Nov 1, 2010
Launch of document 'There is a Better Way' outlining Sinn Féin's proposals for the 2011 Budget. Attending the launch were Sinn Féin President Gerry Adams, Vice President Mary Lou McDonald and TDs Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin, Arthur Morgan and Aengus Ó Snodaigh. (Please excuse some of the rough editing...afraid time didn't permit a more refined product.)

Sinn Féin 2011 Budget Proposal Launch

Make a Difference: Join Sinn Féin! - Feb 12, 2008
One determined person can make a significant difference, a group of determined people can change the course of history.

Sunday, October 2, 2011

Truth about Ireland, Irish Civilization, Aryans, Druids, and Bards


Ireland
Ireland is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island in the world. It lies to the northwest of continental Europe and is surrounded by hundreds of islands and islets. To the east of Ireland is Great Britain, separated from it by the Irish Sea. The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which covers just under five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom, which covers the remainder and is located in the northeast of the island. The population of Ireland is approximately 6.2 million people. Just under 4.5 million live in the Republic of Ireland and just under 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland.

Relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain epitomise Ireland's geography with several navigable rivers extending inland. The island has lush vegetation, a product of its mild but changeable oceanic climate, which avoids extremes in temperature. Thick woodlands covered the island until the 17th century. Today, it is the most deforested area in Europe. There are twenty-six extant mammal species native to Ireland.

A Norman invasion in the Middle Ages gave way to a Gaelic Resurgence in the 13th century. Over sixty years of intermittent warfare in the 1500s led to English dominion after 1603. In the 1690s, a system of Protestant English rule was designed to materially disadvantage the Catholic majority and Protestant dissenters, and was extended during the 18th century. In 1801, Ireland became a part of the United Kingdom. A war of independence in the early 20th century led to the partition of the island, creating the Irish Free State, which became increasingly sovereign over the following decades. Northern Ireland remained a part of the United Kingdom and saw much civil unrest from the late 1960s until the 1990s. This subsided following a political agreement in 1998. In 1973, both parts of Ireland joined the European Community.

Irish culture has had a significant influence on other cultures, particularly in the fields of literature and, to a lesser degree, science and education. A strong Irish culture exists, as expressed for example through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language, alongside a common Western culture, such as contemporary music and drama, and sports such as soccer, rugby and golf, and the English language.

Ireland is occupied by two political entities:
  • The Republic of Ireland, ratified 21 January 1919 and officially formed on the 6 December 1922, (officially Ireland), a sovereign state that covers five-sixths of the island. Its capital is Dublin.
  • Northern Ireland, established on the 3 May 1921, is a part of the United Kingdom that covers the remaining sixth. Its capital is Belfast.


Michael Tsarion Series
In this companion DVD to The Irish Origins of Civilization (Volumes 1 and 2), Michael Tsarion discusses the historical significance of ancient Ireland and takes us on a truly fascinating journey through time, from the Emerald Isle to Egypt and back again full circle. Along the way we are introduced to the Druids and also to their destroyers, the Atonists. We discover the origins of the worlds most powerful secret societies and the New World Order they labor to create. We discover secret facts about the royal dynasties of Britain and Europe, the Empire of Rome, and about Masonic influence in America. Featuring over 560 illustrations, and rare source material, this DVD series dramatically revolutionizes our view of history and explains what can be done to combat the tyrannical forces that have long conspired to undermine truth, freedom and justice.

Michael Tsarion talks about his 2 books based on the human history. Its an insight towards the journey of mankind. The connection between all known civilization and secret society. Michael is a very well known researcher, written many books and has many documentary series you can find online. I recommend you view his work. A well spoken presenter fighting for the truth.


Irish Origins of Civilization Part 1 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 2 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 3 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 4 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 5 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 6 of 60

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Irish Origins of Civilization Part 11 of 60

Irish Origins of Civilization Part 12 of 60

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Friday, September 30, 2011

Bank, Finance and Oil Relationship To Control The World - Jonathan May & Lindsey Williams


Source from: incapabledesetaire
Jonathan May formerly worked for the International Monetary Fund in England. In the early 1980s he came to America with a plan to release Americans from debt to the banking system by employing the same "credit creating" system used by international banking. The law governing this system is the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). May was initially successful. Eventually, however, he was targeted and imprisoned by the banking system. He is now in a Federal prison in the midwest. While in prison he was interviewed by Lindsey Williams via phone. The following is the text of that interview.

"There are thirteen families which effectively control the central banks of the hard currency countries of the world. The hard currency countries are those whose currency is not allowed to fluctuate as much as the other countries' currency fluctuates. These thirteen families have the control of the policy-making and decision-making of the central banks of
those countries. They all practice fractional reserve banking.

Fractional reserve banking has allowed the central banks to permit the prime banks to lend up to twenty-six units of currency for every one unit of currency they have on deposit. The owners andcontrollers of the prime banks are the same people who own and control the central banks.The initial final stage of System 2000 was put into effect in the mid-seventies. System 2000 is the global creditors unilateral totalitarian plan for the control of the world.

Who actually controls the Federal Reserve? Who are the stockholders of this private corporation? In a legislative session regarding abolishing the Fed, the following eight family banks were named as the owners of the Federal Reserve:
Rothschild Banks of London and Berlin
Lazares Brothers Banks of Paris
Israel Moses Seif Bank of Italy
Warburg Bank of Hamburg and Amsterdam
Lehman Brothers Bank of New York
Chase Manhattan Bank of New York
Kuhn, Loeb Bank of New York
Goldman, Sachs Bank of New York.

Testimony of Jonathan May presented by Lindsey Williams
Syndrome of Control - Part 1 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 2 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 3 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 4 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 5 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 6 of 7


Syndrome of Control - Part 7 of 7

Thursday, September 29, 2011

Top 10 Brightest Start and the North Star


Stars are massive shining spheres of hot gas, the closest of which is our Sun. Stars are primarily made of hydrogen, smaller amounts of helium, and trace amounts of other elements. Even the most abundant of the other elements present in stars are only present in very small quantities. Those stars which you see with your naked eye in the night sky all belong to the Milky Way Galaxy, the huge system of stars that contains our solar system.
By: , former About.com Guide

Here are the Top 10 Brightest stars as seen from Earth.

1. Sirius

Sirius, also known as the Dog Star, is the brightest star in the sky. Its name comes from the Greek word for scorching.
  • Distance: 8.6 LY
  • Spectral Type: A1Vm
Learn More: Sirius

2. Canop

us

Named either for an ancient city in northern Egypt or the helmsman for Menelaus, Canopus is the second brightest star in the sky.
  • Distance: 74 LY
  • Spectral Type: F0II
Learn More: Canopus

3. Rigil Kentaurus

Rigel Kentaurus, also known as Alpha Centauri, is the third brightest star in the sky. Its name literally means foot of the centaur.
  • Distance: 4.3 LY
  • Spectral Type: G2V
Learn More: Rigil Kentaurus

4. Arcturus

Arcturus is the brightest star in the constellation Bootes, which is one of the oldest constellations in the night sky. It is the 4th-brightest star in the entire sky.
  • Distance: 34 LY
  • Spectral Type: 5IIIFe-0.5
Learn More: Arcturus

5. Vega

Vega is the fifth brightest star in the sky. Its name comes from the Arabic for the swooping eagle. Vega is about 25 light-years from Earth.
  • Distance: 25 LY
  • Spectral Type: A0Va
Learn More: Vega

6. Capella

The sixth brightest star in the sky, Capella's name is from the Latin for little she-goat. Capella is a yellow giant star, like our own sun, but much larger.
  • Distance: 41 LY
  • Spectral Type: G5IIIe+G0III
Learn More: Capella

7. Rigel

The seventh brightest star in the sky, Rigel's name is from the Arabic for foot, indicating its place in the constellation Orion. It is a blue supergiant and part of a 4 star system.
  • Distance: 1400 LY
  • Spectral Type: B8Ia
Learn More: Rigel

8. Procyon

Procyon is the eighth brightest star night sky. It is a yellow-white star and at 11.4 light years, one of the closer stars to Earth.
  • Distance: 11.4 LY
  • Spectral Type: F5IV-V
Learn More: Procyon

9. Achernar

The ninth brightest star night sky is Achernar. It is a bluish-white white supergiant star that is about 69 light years from Earth.
  • Distance: 69 LY
  • Spectral Type: B3Vpe
Learn More: Achernar

10. Betelgeuse

Betelgeuse is the tenth brightest star in the sky. It is a red supergiant about 13,000 times brighter than our sun and over 1000 times larger. If you placed Betelgeuse in the place of our sun, it would extend past the orbit of Jupiter.
  • Distance: ~1400 LY
  • Spectral Type: M1-2Ia-Iab
Learn More: Betelgeuse


What is the North Star?
Source from: Essprtment

The North Star, also called the Pole Star or Polaris, is the star that the earth's axis points toward in the Northern sky. For many years, people have been fascinated with this star and the fact that it doesn't seem to move in the sky. Some have created legends explaining why the star stands still. As more detailed scientific instrumentation has become available, scientists have begun to study more about Polaris. Surprisingly, it is a rich subject consisting of a binary star system.

Why Do We Care about the North Star?
For many years, the North Star has been used as a navigation aid and to chart navigational maps. It has also been used to measure astronomical latitude since we map latitudes to the equivalent sky positions: the North Pole equates to +90 degrees latitude on Earth as does its projection into the sky. In addition to these functional uses, over time many cultures have built folklore around the North Star. Even people with little interest in astronomy or mapmaking know about the North Star, and some have created stories explaining why it seemingly never moves.

The most famous story about the North Star is the Native American myth explaining why the North Star stands still. In this story, a brave son Na-Gah tried to impress his father by climbing the tallest cliff he could find. Through difficult conditions he persisted until he found himself at the top of a very high mountain. The mountain was so tall that Na-Gah looked down on all the other mountains. Unfortunately, there was no way down. When his father came looking for him, he found Na-Gah stuck high above. Not wanting his son to suffer for his bravery, he turned Na-Gah into a star that can be seen and honored by all living things.

Polaris: The Current North Star
Today the Earth's axis points within one degree of Polaris, the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor (also called the Little Bear or the Little Dipper). Polaris appears to be in a fixed position in the sky throughout the year. All other stars and constellations seem to revolve around the North Star.

To find Polaris in the sky, locate the Big Dipper and follow the two stars at the end of the basin upward. This should lead you directly to Polaris. It is the last star in the tail of the Little Dipper.

Why isn't the North Star Fixed?
Over the course of time, the North Star changes. Right now Polaris is within one degree of true north, but at other times the North Star has been and will again be Thuban (the brightest star in the constellation Draco), Vega (the brightest star in the constellation Lyra), and Alpha Cephei (the brightest star in the constellation Cepheus).

The North Star changes over time because the direction of the earth's axis changes slowly over time. Since by definition the North Star is the star most closely aligned with the earth's axis, as the axis moves the nearest star changes too.

This type of axis movement is similar to that of a spinning top. As the top slows, the axis of rotation changes as the top draws out each rotation; that is to say that the stem of the top itself traces out a circular pattern rather than pointing at a single spot or staying mostly still. If you draw an imaginary line of the earth's axis and continue it up to the sky, it will make a similar path. This type of axis rotation is called precession.

In the case of the earth, precession is caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon. The earth's axis makes one complete rotation over the course of approximately 26,000 years. If you trace the path of the axis in the sky, you will find that Polaris, Vega, Thuban, and Alpha Cephei all fall on or very close to it. So when the earth's axis is at a point on the path near Vega, Vega becomes the North Star while Thuban is the North Star when the axis is near it on the path. Five thousand years ago, Thuban was the North Star. Five thousand years from now, the North Star will be Alpha Cephei. Seven thousand years after that, it will be Vega. Nine thousand years after that, Thuban will be the North Star again. At these dates, the various stars will be at the closest to absolute north. For some time before, the relevant star will be approaching due north and it will be receding for some time after the time listed. In these interim times, the North Star is whichever star is closest to north.

What is the North Star?
Posted in: Astronomy

Were you wondering about the North Star? Firstly, you might expect one of the most famous stars in the night sky to be one of the brightest, but it isn't; not by a long shot. That honor belongs to Sirius and many less bright stars besides. The North Star shines with a humble brightness that belies its navigational importance.

Polaris, or the North Star, sits almost directly above the North Pole; therefore, it is a reliable gauge of North if you find yourself lost on a clear night without a compass. Stars that sit directly above the Earth's North or South Pole are called Pole Stars. Interestingly, the North Star hasn't always been, nor will it always be the Pole Star because the Earth's axis changes slightly over time, and stars move in relation to each other over time.

You can also approximate your latitude by measuring the angle of elevation between the horizon and the North Star. There is no equivalent star in the South Pole, but Sigma Octantis comes close. It isn't very useful for navigational purposes as it isn't very bright to the naked eye. Instead, navigators use two of the stars in the Southern Cross, Alpha and Gamma to determine due South.

The North Star is easy to find if you can first locate the Little Dipper. The North Star lies at the end of the handle in the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor). For a point of reference, The Big Dipper (Ursa Major) lies below the little dipper and their handles point in opposite directions. The two stars in the end of the ladle of The Big Dipper point to Polaris. Also, both The Big Dipper and The Little Dipper remain in the sky all night long, rotating in relation to the Earth's axis.